中國大多數(shù)創(chuàng)業(yè)者，談到股權(quán)或者利益分配，都是有些羞于啟齒的，因為生怕談錢傷了感情，所以本身簡單的事，往往會因為人性的復(fù)雜而變得復(fù)雜，一不經(jīng)意，就容易把人與人之間的美好給破壞了，或是一不小心，把人性的貪婪給放大了。1合伙人的定義在正式分享合伙人的股權(quán)分配之前，我們有必要先清晰一下什么是真正意義上的合伙人，因為這個名詞現(xiàn)在被濫用了，已經(jīng)失去的最純粹的定義。

　　Most Chinese entrepreneurs are a bit shy when it comes to equity or profit distribution, because they are afraid that talking about money will hurt their relationship. Therefore, simple things can often become complicated due to the complexity of human nature. Inadvertently, it is easy to destroy the beauty between people, or accidentally magnify human greed. Before formally sharing the equity distribution of partners, it is necessary to clarify what a true partner is, as this term has been abused and has lost its purest definition.

　　合伙人的定義是：意愿第一、出錢出力（全職）、長期貢獻。如果脫離這三個基本條件之外的，就需要重新定義了，在下面各種情形當(dāng)中，會作進一步的說明。

　　The definition of a partner is: willingness first, providing money and effort (full-time), and long-term contribution. If it deviates from these three basic conditions, it needs to be redefined, and further explanations will be provided in the following situations.

　　2兩個人合伙兩個人合伙是比較常見的情況，股權(quán)分配的方法也相對而言更加簡單。

　　Two person partnership is a common situation, and the method of equity distribution is relatively simpler.

　　如果都是全職干活，能力上面，建議一強一弱，一男一女，股份比例能力強占大，能力弱占小。

　　If they are all working full-time, in terms of ability, it is recommended to have one strong and one weak, one man and one woman, with a larger proportion of shares for strong abilities and a smaller proportion for weak abilities.

　　如果分工不同，內(nèi)（全職）外（不全職）有別，全職干的人投小錢占大股（內(nèi)），投錢不干活（外：投資）的人投大錢占小股。

　　If the division of labor is different, there is a difference between full-time and part-time employees. Full time employees invest small amounts of money to hold large shares (internal), while those who invest money but do not work (external: investment) invest large amounts of money to hold small shares.

　　那么這里有一個問題，涉及到誰是發(fā)起人的問題，通常來講，有一個最簡單的規(guī)則，就是誰發(fā)起，誰帶頭，但也有可能的是，發(fā)起人兼著干，后進合伙人全職干。

　　So there is a question here, which involves who is the initiator. Generally speaking, there is a simplest rule, which is who initiates and who takes the lead. However, it is also possible for the initiator to take on both roles and the late partner to work full-time.

　　那么就有兩種解決方法，一是發(fā)起人變成投資人，占小股；二是如果不愿意投大錢占小股，那么就通過分紅方式約定，干活多的人可以多拿錢。

　　So there are two solutions, one is for the initiator to become an investor and hold a small stake; Secondly, if you are not willing to invest large amounts of money and hold small shares, then you can agree on a dividend system where those who work harder can receive more money.

　　通常我們建議干活的人在工資、獎金、分紅三個方面都要考慮到，讓干活的人多拿一點，股權(quán)比例分配解決了權(quán)力的問題，股份分紅比例解決了合伙人之間利益平衡的需求。

　　We usually recommend that workers consider salary, bonuses, and dividends, allowing them to receive more. The distribution of equity ratios solves the problem of power, while the distribution of equity dividends addresses the need for a balance of interests among partners.

　　關(guān)于股權(quán)比例，建議80%:20%，或者67%：33%，讓帶頭人擁有絕對控制的權(quán)力，這種股權(quán)分配方案，可以說是兩個人合伙最安全、最穩(wěn)健的合作方式。

　　Regarding the equity ratio, it is recommended to have 80%: 20%, or 67%: 33%, so that the leader has absolute control. This equity distribution plan can be said to be the safest and most stable way for two people to cooperate in partnership.

　　兩個人常見錯誤的分法有以下幾種，需要規(guī)避：

　　There are several common mistakes made by two people that need to be avoided:

　　1、50%：50%2、90%：10%3、51%：49%

　　1. 50%: 50%, 90%: 10%, 51%: 49%

　　3夫妻股東怎么分？?夫妻合伙，本質(zhì)上風(fēng)險不是兩個人的，而是一個家庭的，所以輸不起，夫妻創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗或者不歡而散的案例處處皆是，因為股權(quán)比例無論怎么分，天然的就是50：50。

　　How to divide the three husband and wife shareholders?? In essence, the risk of a partnership between husband and wife is not for two people, but for one family, so they cannot afford to lose. Cases of failed entrepreneurship or unhappy separation between husband and wife are everywhere, because no matter how the equity ratio is divided, it is naturally 50:50.

　　所以我們這里就要清楚股權(quán)兩項最基本的權(quán)力：分紅權(quán)和表決權(quán)。

　　So here we need to be clear about the two most basic rights of equity: dividend rights and voting rights.

　　我們給大家一個解決夫妻創(chuàng)業(yè)之間股權(quán)的辦法是：分紅權(quán)各自50：50；

　　We offer a solution to the equity issue between husband and wife entrepreneurship: the dividend rights are 50:50 each;

　　表決權(quán)，論誰最早創(chuàng)業(yè)、誰承擔(dān)責(zé)任更大、誰帶頭、誰就擁有100%的表決權(quán)，這樣問題就簡單多了。

　　Voting rights, regardless of who started the business earliest, who bears greater responsibility, who takes the lead, and who has 100% voting rights, make the problem much simpler.

　　43個人或4個人合伙1個人合伙，大股東股權(quán)比例大于2股東和3股東之和最好。

　　43 people or 4 people form a partnership with 1 person, and it is best for the majority shareholder's equity ratio to be greater than the sum of 2 shareholders and 3 shareholders.

　　我們首先看一種最常見的錯誤分法：48%：47%：5%，這種情況下，會導(dǎo)致公司的決策權(quán)飄忽不定，而5%的持股者的支持將成為另外兩位股東的拉攏對象，不利于公司決策權(quán)的穩(wěn)定性。

　　Let's first look at the most common misclassification: 48%: 47%: 5%. In this case, it can lead to the company's decision-making power being uncertain, and the support of 5% of shareholders will become a target for the other two shareholders to win over, which is not conducive to the stability of the company's decision-making power.

　　如果5%的股東沒有大局觀，甚至可能通過自己的微妙角色，推動大股東和二股東的股比調(diào)整，這種結(jié)構(gòu)極有可能造成小股東掌控大股東的鬧劇。

　　If 5% of shareholders do not have a big picture perspective, they may even use their subtle roles to drive the adjustment of the shareholding ratio between the major and secondary shareholders, which could lead to a farce where minority shareholders control the major shareholders.

　　另外：33.4% ：33.3% ：33.3%的比例也是常見的，應(yīng)該避免以下幾種股權(quán)設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)：A：33.3% ：33.3% ：33.3%，均分，你可能不信，工商局在注冊的時候可是認可這種注冊比例的，可是還有0.1%哪去了？有時差之這一毫厘，可能會謬以足千里。B：35% ：18% ：18% ：29%，這是典型的博弈型，合作起來大家都不會輕松；C：95% ：3% ：2%，創(chuàng)始人吃獨食；D：40% ：40% ：20%，三股東會綁架大股東與二股東；E：40% ：30% ：30%，雷士照明（0.170，+1.80%）的最初股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)，讓創(chuàng)始人吳長江吃了大虧，這種比例，也很常見；F：45% ：45% ：10%，當(dāng)年愛多VCD胡志標的案例還歷歷在目；H：49% ：47% ：4%，剛剛上面講過的案例，不重復(fù)。關(guān)于三個人合伙，或者三個人以上合伙，對于老大來講，其實是很不安全的，股權(quán)分配不好，容易產(chǎn)生小股東搭便車。

　　In addition, a ratio of 33.4%: 33.3%: 33.3% is also common, and the following equity design structures should be avoided: A: 33.3%: 33.3%: 33.3%, evenly distributed. You may not believe it, but the Industry and Commerce Bureau recognizes this registration ratio when registering, but where is the remaining 0.1%? A tiny fraction of time difference may be mistaken for thousands of miles. B：35% ：18% ：18% ：29%， This is a typical game type, and cooperation is not easy for everyone; C：95% ：3% ：2%， The founder eats alone; D：40% ：40% ：20%， The three shareholders' meeting kidnapped the major shareholder and the second shareholder; E：40% ：30% ：30%， The initial equity structure of Lei Shi Lighting (0.170,+1.80%) resulted in significant losses for founder Wu Changjiang, and this ratio is also common; F：45% ：45% ：10%， The case of Hu Zhibiao on Aiduo VCD back then is still vivid in my memory; H：49% ：47% ：4%， The case mentioned earlier will not be repeated. Regarding a partnership of three or more people, it is actually very unsafe for the boss. Poor equity distribution can easily lead to small shareholders hitchhiking.

　　另外一個，從人性的角度來看，二股東與三股東或其它小股東，容易在人性貪婪的驅(qū)使下對于老大的管理與經(jīng)營進行干擾。

　　On the other hand, from a human perspective, second and third shareholders or other minority shareholders are prone to interfere with the management and operation of the boss under the drive of human greed.

　　喬布斯當(dāng)年被趕出蘋果就是這種結(jié)構(gòu)引起的，創(chuàng)始人或者帶頭人如果沒有得到應(yīng)有的保護和尊重，對于一個企業(yè)來講，是致命的，很難實現(xiàn)長期共贏。

　　Steve Jobs' expulsion from Apple was caused by this structure. If the founder or leader does not receive the protection and respect they deserve, it is fatal for a company and it is difficult to achieve long-term win-win results.

　　5五個人合伙五個人合伙的股權(quán)比例設(shè)計，有以下幾種常見的分配方式：

　　There are several common distribution methods for the equity ratio design of a five person partnership:

　　1，1 > 2+ 3 + 4 + 5，老大帶頭地位明顯，但是容易形成獨裁，容易制造重大事項決策上的風(fēng)險；

　　1, 1>2+3+4+5, the leader has a clear leading position, but it is easy to form dictatorship and create risks in major decision-making;

　　2，1 <?2 + 3 + 4 + 5，老大相對小于其它幾位股東，但是仍然一股獨大，做一項重大決策時，如果2、3、4、5位股東都不同意，顯然，要么是這項決策有風(fēng)險，其它幾位不同意；

　　2，1 <? 2+3+4+5, the leader is relatively smaller than the other shareholders, but still dominates. When making a major decision, if 2, 3, 4, or 5 shareholders do not agree, it is obvious that either the decision is risky and the other shareholders do not agree;

　　要么是老大的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力或風(fēng)格有問題，難以令其它幾位股東信服，如果是這種原因，撤換領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者或許對公司未來更加有利。關(guān)于如何選擇企業(yè)的帶頭人，未來會和大家分享，列舉一些關(guān)鍵因素，大家一看就會明白。

　　Either the leader's leadership ability or style is problematic, making it difficult to convince the other shareholders. If this is the reason, replacing the leader may be more beneficial for the company's future. Regarding how to choose the leader of a company, I will share with you some key factors in the future, and you will understand them at a glance.

　　3，2 + 3 + 4 > 1 > 2 + 3?，這種股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)，常見的是擁有超過34%的一票否決權(quán)，對于企業(yè)的決策，比較容易起到風(fēng)險防范，同時也保證了作為老大擁有重要話語權(quán)的一個權(quán)力。

　　3，2 + 3 + 4 > 1 > 2 + 3? This type of equity structure is commonly characterized by having over 34% veto power, which makes it easier for companies to prevent risks in their decision-making and also ensures that as the leader, one has important discourse power.

　　在這里我想補充的是，一個合理的股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)，創(chuàng)造共同利益才是核心，權(quán)力的制衡不能過渡濫用，當(dāng)然這和股東的心智成熟度有很大的關(guān)系，對于一家公司來講，什么最重要？是健康的活著。

　　What I would like to add here is that a reasonable equity structure and the creation of common interests are the core, and the balance of power cannot be excessively abused. Of course, this is closely related to the maturity of shareholders' minds. For a company, what is the most important? To live a healthy life.

　　我們對比一下海底撈（53.400，-2.73%）和真功夫這兩家企業(yè)，合伙人之間的智慧和格局，奠定了一家企業(yè)是否可以走得更遠，去得更高。

　　Let's compare the wisdom and pattern between the partners of Haidilao (53.400, -2.73%) and Zhengongfu, which lays the foundation for whether a company can go further and higher.

　　4，無論是四人、五人合伙，創(chuàng)始人具有一票否決權(quán)，合伙人股份相加大于創(chuàng)始人，創(chuàng)始就需要慎重考慮合伙人的一致意見，從而做出更加合理的決策。

　　4. Whether it is a four person or five person partnership, the founder has one vote veto power. If the total number of shares of the partners is greater than that of the founder, the founder needs to carefully consider the unanimous opinion of the partners in order to make more reasonable decisions.

　　五個人合伙，最忌諱的分法就是平分，初始的思維就是這樣，所以再說一句人人有股份，等于人人沒股權(quán)，人人有權(quán)力，等于人人沒權(quán)力。

　　The most taboo way for five people to form a partnership is to divide equally. The initial thinking is like this, so if everyone has shares, it means everyone has no shares, everyone has power, and everyone has no power.

　　另一個，類似80%或90% ：4% ：3%：2% ：1%的這種創(chuàng)始人吃獨食的比例，也是不科學(xué)的。

　　Another example is that the proportion of founders who eat alone, such as 80% or 90%: 4%: 3%: 2%: 1%, is also unscientific.

　　本文由  山東股權(quán)合伙設(shè)計  友情奉獻.更多有關(guān)的知識請點擊  http://www.yunjingwu.com.cn/   真誠的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識我們將會陸續(xù)向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

　　This article is designed by Shandong Equity Partnership for Friendship Dedication For more related knowledge, please click http://www.yunjingwu.com.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.