在股權(quán)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)務(wù)中，經(jīng)常會(huì)有“股權(quán)九條生命線”的說(shuō)法，對(duì)于未經(jīng)過(guò)系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)公司法的企業(yè)家們，都會(huì)覺(jué)得“不明覺(jué)厲”，爭(zhēng)相學(xué)習(xí)。但并不知道這些生命線對(duì)于有限公司與股份有限公司，上市公司與掛牌公司、普通公司未作區(qū)別，不能區(qū)別情況，以至于曲解。本文即給大家做一下絕對(duì)控制線、相對(duì)控制線、安全控制線的詳細(xì)注解，讓大家知其然，也知其所以然。

　　In the practice of equity design, there is often a saying of "nine lifelines of equity", which makes entrepreneurs who have not undergone systematic study of company law feel "ignorant and eager to learn. But it is not known that these lifelines do not distinguish between limited companies and joint-stock limited companies, listed companies and listed companies, and ordinary companies, and cannot distinguish situations, resulting in misinterpretation. This article provides detailed annotations on absolute control lines, relative control lines, and safety control lines to help everyone understand their nature and reasons.

　　股權(quán)九條生命線

　　Nine Lifelines of Equity

　　絕對(duì)控制線——67%

　　Absolute control line -67%

　　【釋義】一些重大事項(xiàng)的如公司的股本變化，關(guān)于公司的增減資，修改公司章程/分立、合并、變更主營(yíng)項(xiàng)目等重大決策，需要2/3以上票數(shù)支持的。

　　Major decisions such as changes in the company's share capital, capital increase or decrease, modification of the company's articles of association/division, merger, change of main business projects, etc., require the support of more than 2/3 of the votes.

　　【法律依據(jù)】《中華人民共和國(guó)公司法》第四十三條第二款股東會(huì)會(huì)議作出修改公司章程、增加或者減少注冊(cè)資本的決議，以及公司合并、分立、解散或者變更公司形式的決議，必須經(jīng)代表三分之二以上表決權(quán)的股東通過(guò)。第一百零三條第二款但書(shū)股東大會(huì)作出修改公司章程、增加或者減少注冊(cè)資本的決議，以及公司合并、分立、解散或者變更公司形式的決議，必須經(jīng)出席會(huì)議的股東所持表決權(quán)的三分之二以上通過(guò)。

　　[Legal Basis] Article 43, Paragraph 2 of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China: Resolutions made by the shareholders' meeting to amend the company's articles of association, increase or decrease registered capital, as well as resolutions to merge, split, dissolve or change the company's form, must be passed by shareholders representing more than two-thirds of the voting rights. Article 103, Paragraph 2: The resolution of the shareholders' meeting to amend the articles of association, increase or decrease the registered capital, as well as the resolution of the company's merger, division, dissolution or change of corporate form, must be passed by more than two-thirds of the voting rights held by the shareholders present at the meeting.

　　【提示】1、絕對(duì)控制既適用于有限責(zé)任公司的股東會(huì)，也適用于股份有限公司的股東大會(huì)，二者相比較而言，股東大會(huì)要求的是出席會(huì)議的三分之二以上表決權(quán)通過(guò)，并不要求股份有限公司的股東一定要占比三分之二以上。2、三分之二含本數(shù)，也就是說(shuō)，絕對(duì)控制線為67%不確切，三分之二以上也可以是66.7%、66.67%等。3、《公司法》第四十二條有但書(shū)陷阱，即公司章程可以約定股東會(huì)是否按照出資比例行使表決權(quán)。如果約定為否，67%的絕對(duì)控制線也就失去了相應(yīng)的意義。

　　【 Tip 】 1. Absolute control applies to both the shareholders' meeting of a limited liability company and the shareholders' meeting of a joint stock limited company. In comparison, the shareholders' meeting requires the approval of more than two-thirds of the voting rights present at the meeting, and does not require the shareholders of the joint stock limited company to account for more than two-thirds. 2. Two thirds includes the original number, which means that the absolute control line of 67% is not accurate, and more than two-thirds can also be 66.7%, 66.67%, etc. 3. Article 42 of the Company Law has a clause trap, which means that the company's articles of association may stipulate whether the shareholders' meeting shall exercise voting rights in proportion to their respective contributions. If the agreement is no, the 67% absolute control line will lose its corresponding meaning.

　　相對(duì)控制線——51%

　　Relative control line -51%

　　【釋義】一些簡(jiǎn)單事項(xiàng)的決策、聘請(qǐng)獨(dú)立董事，選舉董事、董事長(zhǎng)、聘請(qǐng)審議機(jī)構(gòu)，聘請(qǐng)會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所，聘請(qǐng)/解聘總經(jīng)理。如果公司要上市、經(jīng)過(guò)2-3次稀釋后，還可以控制公司。

　　Decision making on some simple matters, hiring independent directors, electing directors and chairman, hiring review bodies, hiring accounting firms, hiring/dismissing general managers. If the company is going public and undergoes 2-3 dilutions, it can still be controlled.

　　【法律依據(jù)】《中華人民共和國(guó)公司法》第一百零三條第二款前半段股東大會(huì)作出決議，必須經(jīng)出席會(huì)議的股東所持表決權(quán)過(guò)半數(shù)通過(guò)。【提示】1、公司法僅有股份有限公司中的過(guò)半數(shù)表決條款。換言之，對(duì)于有限責(zé)任公司而言，公司法并未明確規(guī)定股東會(huì)普通決議的程序，而是讓股東們自行通過(guò)章程確定。2、有限責(zé)任公司在自由約定時(shí)務(wù)必把握好“過(guò)半數(shù)”與“半數(shù)以上”、“二分之一以上”的區(qū)別，過(guò)半數(shù)不包含50%，而后兩者包含50%。章程中必須避免出現(xiàn)“半數(shù)以上”、“二分之一以上”的約定，否則可能造成出現(xiàn)股東會(huì)決議矛盾。3、同時(shí)，自由約定時(shí)還需明確說(shuō)明是“股東人數(shù)過(guò)半數(shù)”還是“股東所持表決權(quán)過(guò)半數(shù)”，兩種不同的局面也不需過(guò)多解釋。

　　[Legal Basis] Article 103 (2) of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that a resolution made by the shareholders' meeting must be passed by a majority of the voting rights held by the attending shareholders. 【 Tip 】 1. The Company Law only includes provisions for a majority vote in a limited liability company. In other words, for limited liability companies, the Company Law does not explicitly stipulate the procedure for ordinary resolutions of the shareholders' meeting, but rather allows shareholders to determine through the articles of association themselves. 2. A limited liability company must grasp the difference between "more than half" and "more than half" or "more than half" when making free agreements. More than half does not include 50%, while the latter two include 50%. The provisions of "more than half" and "more than half" must be avoided in the articles of association, otherwise it may cause conflicts in the resolutions of the shareholders' meeting. 3. At the same time, when making free agreements, it is necessary to clearly state whether it is "more than half of the shareholders" or "more than half of the voting rights held by shareholders", and the two different situations do not require too much explanation.

　　安全控制線——34%

　　Safety control line -34%

　　【釋義】股東持股量在1/3以上，而且沒(méi)有其股東的股份與他沖突，叫否決性控股，具有一票否決權(quán)。

　　[Definition] If a shareholder holds more than one-third of the shares and there is no conflict between their shares and theirs, it is called veto control, which has one veto power.

　　【法律依據(jù)】同“絕對(duì)控制線”法律依據(jù)。

　　The legal basis is the same as the "absolute control line" legal basis.

　　【提示】1、與絕對(duì)控制線相對(duì)，三分之二以上表決權(quán)通過(guò)關(guān)于公司生死存亡的事宜，那么如果其中一個(gè)股東持有超過(guò)三分之一的股權(quán)，那么另一方就無(wú)法達(dá)到三分之二以上表決權(quán)，那么那些生死存亡的事宜就無(wú)法通過(guò)，這樣就控制了生命線，因而表述為安全控制權(quán)。2、但是，所謂一票否決只是相對(duì)于生死存亡的事宜，對(duì)其他僅需過(guò)半數(shù)以上通過(guò)的事宜，無(wú)法否決。3、同理，33.4%、33.34%等均可作為“安全控制線”。

　　【 Tip 】 1. In contrast to the absolute control line, if more than two-thirds of the voting rights are passed on matters related to the life and death of the company, then if one shareholder holds more than one-third of the equity, the other party cannot reach more than two-thirds of the voting rights, and those matters related to life and death cannot be passed, thus controlling the lifeline and expressing it as safety control. 2. However, the so-called one vote veto is only relative to matters of life and death, and cannot veto other matters that only require a majority of votes. 3. Similarly, 33.4%, 33.34%, etc. can be used as "safety control lines".

　　上市公司要約收購(gòu)線——30%

　　Tender Offer Line for Listed Companies -30%

　　【釋義】通過(guò)證券交易所的證券交易，收購(gòu)人持有一個(gè)上市公司的股份達(dá)到該公司已發(fā)行股份的30%時(shí)，繼續(xù)增持股份的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采取要約方式進(jìn)行，發(fā)出全面要約或者部分要約。

　　When the acquirer holds 30% of the issued shares of a listed company through securities trading on the stock exchange and continues to increase its holdings, it shall make a general or partial offer through a tender offer.

　　【法律依據(jù)】《中華人民共和國(guó)證券法》第八十八條第一款 通過(guò)證券交易所的證券交易，投資者持有或者通過(guò)協(xié)議、其他安排與他人共同持有一個(gè)上市公司已發(fā)行的股份達(dá)到百分之三十時(shí)，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行收購(gòu)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法向該上市公司所有股東發(fā)出收購(gòu)上市公司全部或者部分股份的要約。

　　[Legal Basis] Article 88, Paragraph 1 of the Securities Law of the People's Republic of China: If an investor, through securities trading on a stock exchange, holds or jointly holds 30% of the issued shares of a listed company with others through an agreement or other arrangement, and continues to make an acquisition, an offer to acquire all or part of the shares of the listed company shall be issued to all shareholders of the listed company in accordance with the law.

　　【提示】1、很顯然，本條線適用于特定條件下的上市公司股權(quán)收購(gòu)，不適用于有限責(zé)任公司和未上市的股份有限公司。2、收購(gòu)上市公司有協(xié)議收購(gòu)和要約收購(gòu)兩種方式，后者更加市場(chǎng)化。與協(xié)議收購(gòu)相比，要約收購(gòu)要經(jīng)過(guò)較多的環(huán)節(jié)，操作程序比較繁雜，收購(gòu)方的收購(gòu)成本較高。3、收購(gòu)要約的期限屆滿，收購(gòu)人持有的被收購(gòu)上市公司的股份數(shù)達(dá)到該公司已發(fā)行的股份總數(shù)的百分之七十五以上的，該上市公司的股票應(yīng)當(dāng)在證券交易所終止上市。

　　【 Tip 】 1. Obviously, this line is applicable to equity acquisitions of listed companies under specific conditions and does not apply to limited liability companies and unlisted joint-stock limited companies. 2. There are two methods for acquiring listed companies: agreement based acquisition and tender offer, with the latter being more market-oriented. Compared with agreement based acquisition, tender offer requires more steps, complex operating procedures, and higher acquisition costs for the acquirer. 3. If the deadline for the tender offer expires and the number of shares held by the acquirer in the acquired listed company reaches 75% or more of the total issued shares of the company, the shares of the listed company shall be delisted from the stock exchange.

　　重大同業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)警示線——20%

　　Major industry competition warning line -20%

　　【法律依據(jù)】無(wú)！

　　[Legal Basis] None!

　　【提示】1、本條線沒(méi)有任何法律依據(jù)，現(xiàn)實(shí)意義不大。2、同業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是指上市公司所從事的業(yè)務(wù)與其控股股東或?qū)嶋H控制人或控股股東所控制的其他企業(yè)所從事的業(yè)務(wù)相同或近似，雙方構(gòu)成或可能構(gòu)成直接或間接的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系。2、我國(guó)學(xué)者一般認(rèn)為，關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)特指一個(gè)股份公司通過(guò)20%以上股權(quán)關(guān)系或重大債權(quán)關(guān)系所能控制或者對(duì)其經(jīng)營(yíng)決策施加重大影響的任何企業(yè)，是以會(huì)出現(xiàn)20%是重大同業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)警示線的說(shuō)法。

　　【 Tip 】 1. This line has no legal basis and has little practical significance. 2. Interbank competition refers to the direct or indirect competitive relationship between a listed company and its controlling shareholder, actual controller, or other enterprises controlled by the controlling shareholder, where the business they engage in is the same or similar. 2. Chinese scholars generally believe that affiliated enterprises refer to any enterprise that a joint-stock company can control or exert significant influence on its business decisions through more than 20% equity or major debt relationships, and the statement that 20% is a major warning line for inter industry competition.

　　臨時(shí)會(huì)議權(quán)——10%

　　Temporary meeting rights -10%

　　【釋義】可提出質(zhì)詢/調(diào)查/起訴/清算/解散公司。

　　[Definition] May raise inquiries/investigations/lawsuits/liquidate/dissolve the company.

　　【法律依據(jù)】《中華人民共和國(guó)公司法》第三十九條第二款后半段代表十分之一以上表決權(quán)的股東，三分之一以上的董事，監(jiān)事會(huì)或者不設(shè)監(jiān)事會(huì)的公司的監(jiān)事提議召開(kāi)臨時(shí)會(huì)議的，應(yīng)當(dāng)召開(kāi)臨時(shí)會(huì)議。第四十條第三款 董事會(huì)或者執(zhí)行董事不能履行或者不履行召集股東會(huì)會(huì)議職責(zé)的，由監(jiān)事會(huì)或者不設(shè)監(jiān)事會(huì)的公司的監(jiān)事召集和主持；監(jiān)事會(huì)或者監(jiān)事不召集和主持的，代表十分之一以上表決權(quán)的股東可以自行召集和主持。第一百條第三項(xiàng) 股東大會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)每年召開(kāi)一次年會(huì)。有下列情形之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在兩個(gè)月內(nèi)召開(kāi)臨時(shí)股東大會(huì)：（三）單獨(dú)或者合計(jì)持有公司百分之十以上股份的股東請(qǐng)求時(shí)。第一百一十條第二款前半段 代表十分之一以上表決權(quán)的股東、三分之一以上董事或者監(jiān)事會(huì)，可以提議召開(kāi)董事會(huì)臨時(shí)會(huì)議。《最高人民法院關(guān)于適用《中華人民共和國(guó)公司法》若干問(wèn)題的規(guī)定（二）》第一條第一款單獨(dú)或者合計(jì)持有公司全部股東表決權(quán)百分之十以上的股東，以下列事由之一提起解散公司訴訟，并符合公司法第一百八十二條規(guī)定的，人民法院應(yīng)予受理。

　　[Legal Basis] If shareholders representing more than one tenth of the voting rights, directors representing more than one-third, the board of supervisors, or supervisors of a company without a board of supervisors propose to convene an extraordinary meeting, an extraordinary meeting shall be convened. Article 40, Paragraph 3: If the board of directors or the executive director is unable or fails to perform the duty of convening a shareholders' meeting, the supervisory board or the supervisor of the company without a supervisory board shall convene and preside over the meeting; If the supervisory board or supervisors do not convene and preside over the meeting, shareholders representing more than one tenth of the voting rights may convene and preside over the meeting on their own. Article 100, Paragraph 3: The shareholders' meeting shall convene an annual meeting once a year. In any of the following circumstances, an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders shall be convened within two months: (3) when shareholders who individually or collectively hold more than 10% of the company's shares request it. Shareholders representing more than one tenth of the voting rights, one-third or more of the directors, or the supervisory board in the first half of the second paragraph of Article 110 may propose to convene an extraordinary meeting of the board of directors. Article 1, Paragraph 1 of the "Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China (II)" stipulates that if shareholders who individually or collectively hold more than 10% of the voting rights of all shareholders of the company file a lawsuit to dissolve the company for one of the following reasons and comply with Article 182 of the Judicial Yuan, the people's court shall accept it.

　　【提示】1、第三十九、四十條適用于有限責(zé)任公司，代表十分之一表決權(quán)以上的股東可以提議召開(kāi)股東會(huì)臨時(shí)會(huì)議，在董事和監(jiān)事均不履行召集股東會(huì)職責(zé)之時(shí)可以自行召集和主持。同理，如果有限責(zé)任公司未約定按出資比例行使表決權(quán)，10%的臨時(shí)會(huì)議權(quán)線根本沒(méi)有意義。2、第一百、一百一十條適用于股份有限公司，正因?yàn)楣煞莨咎貏e的性質(zhì)，10%的臨時(shí)會(huì)議權(quán)線帶有強(qiáng)制性。也就是說(shuō)，持有10%以上股份的股東可以請(qǐng)求召開(kāi)臨時(shí)股東大會(huì)，提議召開(kāi)董事會(huì)臨時(shí)會(huì)議。3、公司法司法解釋二第一條適用于所有類型的公司，即在公司僵局的情況下10%以上表決權(quán)股東的訴訟解散權(quán)。

　　【 Tip 】 Articles 39 and 40 apply to limited liability companies. Shareholders representing more than one tenth of the voting rights may propose to convene an extraordinary meeting of the shareholders' meeting. When both directors and supervisors fail to fulfill their duties of convening the shareholders' meeting, they may convene and preside over the meeting on their own. Similarly, if a limited liability company does not agree to exercise voting rights in proportion to its capital contribution, the 10% temporary meeting power line is meaningless. 2. Articles 100 and 110 apply to joint stock limited companies, and precisely because of the special nature of joint stock companies, the 10% temporary meeting power line is mandatory. That is to say, shareholders holding more than 10% of the shares can request the convening of an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders and propose the convening of an extraordinary meeting of the board of directors. 3. Article 1 of Judicial Interpretation II of the Company Law applies to all types of companies, namely the right to dissolve a lawsuit by shareholders with more than 10% of voting rights in the event of a company deadlock.

　　重大股權(quán)變動(dòng)警示線——5%

　　Warning line for significant equity changes -5%

　　【釋義】證券法規(guī)定達(dá)到5%及以上，需披露權(quán)益變動(dòng)書(shū)。

　　According to the Securities Law, if the percentage reaches 5% or more, a statement of changes in equity must be disclosed.

　　【法律依據(jù)】《中華人民共和國(guó)證券法》第六十七條第一款、第二款第八項(xiàng) 發(fā)生可能對(duì)上市公司股票交易價(jià)格產(chǎn)生較大影響的重大事件，投資者尚未得知時(shí)，上市公司應(yīng)當(dāng)立即將有關(guān)該重大事件的情況向國(guó)務(wù)院證券監(jiān)督管理機(jī)構(gòu)和證券交易所報(bào)送臨時(shí)報(bào)告，并予公告，說(shuō)明事件的起因、目前的狀態(tài)和可能產(chǎn)生的法律后果。

　　[Legal Basis] Article 67 (1) and (2) (8) of the Securities Law of the People's Republic of China: If a major event occurs that may have a significant impact on the trading price of a listed company's stock, and investors are not yet aware of it, the listed company shall immediately submit an interim report to the securities regulatory authority under the State Council and the stock exchange, and make an announcement, explaining the cause, current status, and possible legal consequences of the event.

　　下列情況為前款所稱重大事件：（八）持有公司百分之五以上股份的股東或者實(shí)際控制人，其持有股份或者控制公司的情況發(fā)生較大變化。第七十四條第二項(xiàng) 證券交易內(nèi)幕信息的知情人包括：（二）持有公司百分之五以上股份的股東及其董事、監(jiān)事、高級(jí)管理人員，公司的實(shí)際控制人及其董事、監(jiān)事、高級(jí)管理人員。

　　The following situations are referred to as major events in the preceding paragraph: (8) Shareholders or actual controllers holding more than 5% of the company's shares have significant changes in their shareholding or control of the company. Article 74, Paragraph 2: Insiders of insider information in securities trading include: (2) shareholders holding more than 5% of the company's shares and their directors, supervisors, and senior management personnel, as well as the actual controller of the company and its directors, supervisors, and senior management personnel.

　　第八十六條 通過(guò)證券交易所的證券交易，投資者持有或者通過(guò)協(xié)議、其他安排與他人共同持有一個(gè)上市公司已發(fā)行的股份達(dá)到百分之五時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)在該事實(shí)發(fā)生之日起三日內(nèi)，向國(guó)務(wù)院證券監(jiān)督管理機(jī)構(gòu)、證券交易所作出書(shū)面報(bào)告，通知該上市公司，并予公告；在上述期限內(nèi)，不得再行買賣該上市公司的股票。

　　Article 86: When investors hold or jointly hold 5% of the issued shares of a listed company through agreements or other arrangements through securities trading on a stock exchange, they shall make a written report to the securities regulatory authority of the State Council and the stock exchange within three days from the date of the occurrence of such fact, notify the listed company, and make an announcement; During the above-mentioned period, no further trading of the stocks of the listed company is allowed.

　　投資者持有或者通過(guò)協(xié)議、其他安排與他人共同持有一個(gè)上市公司已發(fā)行的股份達(dá)到百分之五后，其所持該上市公司已發(fā)行的股份比例每增加或者減少百分之五，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照前款規(guī)定進(jìn)行報(bào)告和公告。在報(bào)告期限內(nèi)和作出報(bào)告、公告后二日內(nèi)，不得再行買賣該上市公司的股票。

　　After investors hold or jointly hold 5% of the issued shares of a listed company with others through agreements or other arrangements, they shall report and announce in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph for every 5% increase or decrease in the proportion of the issued shares of the listed company they hold. Within the reporting period and within two days after the report and announcement are made, no further trading of the stocks of the listed company is allowed.

　　【提示】本條線僅適用于上市公司。從規(guī)則角度看，持股低于5%至少有兩個(gè)好處，一是沒(méi)有鎖定期的約束，二是不需拋頭露面，減持也不用披露。

　　[Tip] This line is only applicable to listed companies. From a regulatory perspective, holding less than 5% of shares has at least two benefits: firstly, there is no lock up period constraint, and secondly, there is no need to appear in public or disclose any reduction in holdings.

　　臨時(shí)提案權(quán)——3%

　　Temporary proposal right -3%

　　【釋義】單獨(dú)或者合計(jì)持有公司3%以上股份的股東，可以在股東大會(huì)召開(kāi)10日前提出臨時(shí)提案并書(shū)面提交召集人。

　　Shareholders who individually or collectively hold more than 3% of the company's shares may submit an extraordinary proposal in writing to the convener 10 days before the shareholders' meeting.

　　【法律依據(jù)】《中華人民共和國(guó)公司法》第一百零二條第二款單獨(dú)或者合計(jì)持有公司百分之三以上股份的股東，可以在股東大會(huì)召開(kāi)十日前提出臨時(shí)提案并書(shū)面提交董事會(huì)；董事會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)在收到提案后二日內(nèi)通知其他股東，并將該臨時(shí)提案提交股東大會(huì)審議。臨時(shí)提案的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于股東大會(huì)職權(quán)范圍，并有明確議題和具體決議事項(xiàng)。

　　[Legal Basis] Article 102, Paragraph 2 of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China: Shareholders who individually or collectively hold more than 3% of the company's shares may submit an extraordinary proposal in writing to the board of directors ten days before the shareholders' meeting is held; The board of directors shall notify other shareholders within two days after receiving the proposal and submit the temporary proposal to the shareholders' meeting for review. The content of temporary proposals should fall within the scope of the powers of the shareholders' meeting, and have clear agenda items and specific resolution matters.

　　【提示】本條線僅適用于股份有限公司，有限責(zé)任公司由于其具備的人合性，沒(méi)有此類繁雜的程序性規(guī)定。

　　【 Tip 】 This line is only applicable to limited liability companies. Due to their human nature, limited liability companies do not have such complex procedural regulations.

　　代位訴訟權(quán)——1%

　　Subrogation right -1%

　　【釋義】亦稱派生訴訟權(quán)，可以間接的調(diào)查和起訴權(quán)（提起監(jiān)事會(huì)或董事會(huì)調(diào)查）。

　　[Definition] Also known as derivative litigation rights, it can indirectly investigate and sue (initiate investigations by the supervisory board or board of directors).

　　【法律依據(jù)】《中華人民共和國(guó)公司法》

　　[Legal Basis] Company Law of the People's Republic of China

　　第一百五十一條 董事、高級(jí)管理人員有本法第一百四十九條規(guī)定的情形的，有限責(zé)任公司的股東、股份有限公司連續(xù)一百八十日以上單獨(dú)或者合計(jì)持有公司百分之 一以上股份的股東，可以書(shū)面請(qǐng)求監(jiān)事會(huì)或者不設(shè)監(jiān)事會(huì)的有限責(zé)任公司的監(jiān)事向人民法院提起訴訟；監(jiān)事有本法第一百四十九條規(guī)定的情形的，前述股東可以書(shū)面請(qǐng)求董事會(huì)或者不設(shè)董事會(huì)的有限責(zé)任公司的執(zhí)行董事向人民法院提起訴訟。監(jiān)事會(huì)、不設(shè)監(jiān)事會(huì)的有限責(zé)任公司的監(jiān)事，或者董事會(huì)、執(zhí)行董事收到前款規(guī)定的股東書(shū)面請(qǐng)求后拒絕提起訴訟，或者自收到請(qǐng)求之日起三十日內(nèi)未提起訴訟，或者情況緊急、不立即提起訴訟將會(huì)使公司利益受到難以彌補(bǔ)的損害的，前款規(guī)定的股東有權(quán)為了公司的利益以自己的名義直接向人民法院提起訴訟。

　　Article 151: If directors or senior management personnel fall under the circumstances stipulated in Article 149 of this Law, shareholders of a limited liability company or shareholders of a joint stock limited company who hold more than 1% of the company's shares individually or collectively for more than 180 consecutive days may request in writing to the board of supervisors or the supervisors of a limited liability company without a board of supervisors to file a lawsuit with the people's court; If the supervisor falls under the circumstances stipulated in Article 149 of this Law, the aforementioned shareholders may request in writing the board of directors or the executive director of a limited liability company without a board of directors to file a lawsuit with the people's court. If the board of supervisors, supervisors of a limited liability company without a board of supervisors, or the board of directors or executive directors refuse to file a lawsuit after receiving a written request from a shareholder as stipulated in the preceding paragraph, or fail to file a lawsuit within 30 days from the date of receiving the request, or if the situation is urgent and failure to file a lawsuit immediately would cause irreparable damage to the interests of the company, the shareholder as stipulated in the preceding paragraph has the right to file a lawsuit directly in their own name to the people's court for the benefit of the company.

　　【提示】1、本條線適用于股份有限公司的股東，同時(shí)還必須滿足持股180日這一條件。有限責(zé)任公司沒(méi)有持股時(shí)間和持股比例的限制。2、代為訴訟權(quán)發(fā)生的前提，通俗來(lái)講，要么是董事、高管違法違章?lián)p害公司利益，要么是監(jiān)事違法違章?lián)p害公司利益，如果都有問(wèn)題，股東則可以直接以自己的名義“代公司的位”直接向法院提起訴訟。

　　【 Tip 】 1. This line is applicable to shareholders of a limited liability company and must also meet the condition of holding shares for 180 days. Limited liability companies have no restrictions on the duration and proportion of shareholding. 2. The premise for the occurrence of the right to sue on behalf of the company, in layman's terms, is that either the director or executive violates laws and regulations and damages the interests of the company, or the supervisor violates laws and regulations and damages the interests of the company. If there are problems with both, shareholders can directly file a lawsuit in their own name on behalf of the company to the court.

　　本文由 濟(jì)南合伙設(shè)計(jì)  友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊  http://www.yunjingwu.com.cn/   真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

　　This article is designed by Jinan Partnership for Friendship Dedication For more related knowledge, please click http://www.yunjingwu.com.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.